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Eben Norton Horsford
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Eben Norton Horsford (1818-1893)
Eben Norton Horsford, born 27 July 1818, was the son of Mary and, U.S. Congressman, Jerediah Horsford. Jerediah was also a missionary to the Seneca Indians of New York and became an expert in their language. Eben Norton Horsford took a different direction in his occupation and received a civil engineering degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in 1838. In 1840 E.N. Horsford became a professor of Mathematics and Science at the Albany Female Academy, where he would meet his future wives, Mary Gardiner and her sister Phoebe Gardiner.
In 1844, Horsford moved to Giessen Germany to study with renowned chemist Justus von Liebig. This education led to a position at Harvard University where he was chosen as the Rumford Professor and Lecturer on the Application of Science to the Useful Arts. For sixteen years he taught chemistry and conducted research at the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard where he published articles in major scientific publications on such topics as phosphates, condensed milk, fermentation, and emergency rations.
Upon his acceptance as a Harvard professor, Mary L’Hommedieu Gardiner's father consented to the marriage of his daughter to Eben. They were married in 1847 and had four daughters: Mary Leila (Lilian) in 1848, Mary Catherine (Kate) in 1850, Gertrude Hubbard in 1852, and Mary Gardiner (Mamie) in 1855. Mary died a few months after the birth of Mamie and E.N. Horsford then married Mary’s sister Phoebe in 1857. E.N. and Phoebe had one daughter, Cornelia Conway Felton, in 1860.
E.N. joined forces, in 1854, with businessman George F. Wilson and started the company Rumford Chemical Works, which would commercially produce Horsford’s chemical inventions. Horsford is most widely remembered for creating baking powder and changing the culinary landscape. In 2006 this discovery was designated as a (U.S.) National Historic Chemical Landmark. E.N. also produced acid phosphate, yeast powder, and developed a process for manufacturing condensing milk. These developments have awarded him the moniker “Father of American Food Technology". Horsford was also involved in the American Civil War and tried to develop an “improved army ration” with dehydrated meat. In 1864 he wrote The Army Ration: How to diminish its weight and bulk, secure economy in its administration, avoid waste, and increase the comfort, efficiency, and mobility of the troops. Although his ideas were lauded, nothing came of his suggestions.
As a father of five girls and a husband to consecutively highly educated wives, Horsford was an adamant supporter of female education. He became a strong supporter of Wellesley College in Massachusetts. In 1877 he was president of the Wellesley College Board of Visitors and an honorary member of the Class of 1886. He donated money for books, scientific apparatus, and began a pension fund for the college.
Later in his life the theory of Vikings in America captured his interest. He spent significant time, and money, on searching for the “lost” city of Norumbega, which he believed was a settlement of Viking explorers located in present Weston, Massachusetts. He also commissioned the statue of Leif Ericson that still stands on Commonwealth Avenue in Boston. E.N. wrote endlessly on the topic of Vikings discovery and settlement in America, but historians give little credit to his “discoveries" today. On 1 January 1893, Eben Norton Horsford died at his home in Cambridge.
UPEI's copy of, Indian Legends and other Poems, was written by E.N. Horsford's first wife, Mary Gardiner Horsford. It was published in 1855, the same year that Mary died (25 Nov 1855), so we know this is not her signature, as the inscription is dated May 10, 1856. The signature does match her husband's, Eben Norton Horsford, as proven by numerous U.S. Passport applications. Eben gave the book, as a gift, to his Harvard University colleague, Benjamin Apthorp Gould. The inscription reads:
Dr. B.A. Gould, With the affectionate regards of Horsford.
Bibliography:
American Chemical Society National Historic Chemical Landmarks. Development of Baking Powder.
(accessed October 5, 2015), 27 July 1818, Livingston County, New York, 1 January 1893, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1. Mary Gardiner (author), Jerediah Horsford, Maria C. ?, Maria Horsford (married name Byum), Julia Horsford (Norton), Eliza Horsford (Tryon), and Laura Horsford., 1st 1847, 2nd 1857, Mary Leila (Lilian) 1848, Mary Catherine (Kate) 1850, Gertrude Hubbard 1852, Mary Gardiner (Mamie) 1855, Cornelia Conway Felton, 1860., 2. Phoebe Gardiner
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Edmund C. Stedman
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Edmund Clarence Stedman (1833-1908)
Edmund Clarence Stedman was born on 8 October 1833 in Hartford, Connecticut. He was the son of Major Edmund Burke Stedman and Elizabeth Clementine Dodge. At the age of two, Edmund lost his father to tuberculosis. His younger brother, their mother and Edmund moved in with his strict Calvinist grandfather, David Low Dodge. Mr. Dodge did not want to financially support his grandsons, so they were sent to live with their paternal grandfather, Griffin Stedman, in Norwich, Connecticut. The separation between Edmund and his mother was a difficult one. Letters have survived that indicated Edmund's mother recognized his early talent in poetry. She calls him her poet baby and poet boy.
Edmund studied at Yale University, but was expelled after two years due to inappropriate behaviour. As a new venture, Edmund tried his hand at journalism. He and a friend purchased the Norwich Tribute and the following year, he married Laura Hyde Woodworth, on 2 November 1853. In 1854, he began publishing the Mountain County Herald with partner, Stephen A. Hubbard.
A year later, in 1855, he left the newspaper behind and moved with his young family to New York City.
Edmund and Laura had two sons: Frederick Stewart Stedman, born in 1856 and Arthur G. Stedman, born in 1859. Edmund struggled financially in his first few years in New York. He became interested in Edward Underhill's Unitary Home, communal based living arrangements, where he and his young family could be surrounded by like-minded literary colleagues.
In 1859, Edmund wrote a satirical poem titled The Golden Wedding. New York high society had been fascinated by the highly publicized courtship of a beautiful local teen and a wealthy, significantly older, Cuban planter. The day after the extravagant wedding, Edmund wrote a satirical poem lamenting the loss of virtue in the unscrupulous, materialistic world of social publicity. The Golden Wedding was printed in the Daily Tribune on 18 October 1859. The bride's father was furious and challenged Edmund to a duel but Edmund was able to dodge the attack. A local publisher offered to publish the work as a pamphlet but Edmund had reservations. In a letter to his mother, he wrote:
I consider satire a poetic heresy... but if I consent they will pay handsomely, and I am so poor this Fall I cannot buy winter clothes for my Family
In the end he opted not to have the piece published and instead, focused on his first book Poems, Lyrical and Idyllic, which was published later that year. This book began a prolific run of published and edited works.
Also, in 1860, Edmund took on the position of day editor for the New York World newspaper. The following year, he became a Civil War field correspondent for the World. He was at the devastating Union loss of First Battle of Bull Run in Virginia and was almost killed by a sniper near Williamsburg. In a letter to his mother, dated October 1861, Edmund wrote:
for eight years I have cared nothing for politics- have been disgusted with American life and doings... [but now I am] proud of my country and my grand, heroic brethren
After the war, Edmund opened his own brokerage firm. He also took an interest in finance and became a member of the New York Stock Exchange in Wall Street, from 1865 to 1900.
In 1883, he discovered that his eldest son, Frederick, had embezzled large amounts from the firm, causing a twenty-three year estrangement, which was reconciled only months before Frederick's death in 1906.
In 1904, Edmund was elected for membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was amongst the first seven chosen for this new honour.
Edmund Clarence Stedman died in his home, as a result of a heart attack, on 18 January 1908. Newspapers announced his death under the title “Banker Poet". His tombstone, in the Woodlawn Cemetery, in Bronx, NY, reads:
Edmund Clarence Stedman. Born October 8, 1833. Died January 18, 1908. Poet and Friend of Poets
UPEI Provenance Collection
Williams, Francis H. “The Princess Elizabeth: a lyric drama". Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger, 1880. [Letter glued in at beginning of the book from author, Francis H. Williams to Edmund Clarence Stedman].
Sources:
1870 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Clinton, Essex, New Jersey; Roll: M593_860; Page: 145A; Family History Library Film: 552359
1880 United States Federal Census. Census Place: New York City, New York, New York; Roll: 895; Page: 422B; Enumeration District: 582
1900 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Eastchester, Westchester, New York; Page: 4; Enumeration District: 0065; FHL microfilm: 1241174
“Banker Poet Dead." The Ottawa Evening Journal. Monday January 20, 1908, p.8. City of Ottawa Archive; Ottawa, Ontario.
The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Boston: The New England Historic Genealogical Society. Volume 62 (1908), p.214.
Scholnick, Robert J. Edmund Clarence Stedman. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1977.
U.S. Passport Applications. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington D.C.; Roll #: 206; Volume #: Roll 206 - 01 Jan 1875-31 Mar 1875, Laura Hyde Woodworth, Frederick Stewart Stedman and Arthur G. Stedman
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Edmund H. Neville
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Edmund H. Neville (1866-1939)
Edmund Hastings Neville was born on 29 September 1866 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England to parents Rev. Hastings MacKelcan, rector in Ford Northumberland, and Elizabeth Sophia, née Cotton. Edward had three younger brothers: Herbert Waterford, Francis Seymour, and Auber Octavius.
At the age of 24, in 1891, Edmund was studying law and living with his family in Ford, Northumberland, England. In 1897, Edmund would immigrate to Australia and begin his work as a solicitor.
On 28 November 1900, Edmund would marry Mary Annette Hampton (1869-25 September 1938), in Western Australia. She was the eldest daughter of George Essex Hampton, a former Comptroller-General of Western Australia, and Fanny Annette Stone. Edmund and Mary had two daughters, Dorothy Ethel Hastings and Kathleen Annette. Dorothy would eventually marry Harry Carey Clausen, and Kathleen married Thomas Brown Wilding.
The Neville family would travel often between Australia and Europe but lived in York, for seventeen years, where Edmund was Mayor for seven of those; they would then move to Northam. They stayed in Northam for eight years but would move to Busselton in 1922; here Edmund was mayor for two years. During this time he would work as a barrister, solicitor, and notary.
Sadly on 25 September 1938, at age 69, Mary would pass away. On 21 January 1939, Edmund Hastings Neville would pass away in a private hospital in Perth, aged 72.
In UPEI’s Provenance Collection, the book, History of the rebellion of 1745-6, by Robert Chambers has his signature “Edmund H. Neville, Dec. 25th 1882.” along with the signature of “Harry Langslow Birmingham 1891”.
Sources:
General Register Office. England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes. London, England: General Register Office. © Crown copyright. Published by permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Office for National Statistics. You must not copy on, transfer or reproduce records without the prior permission of ONS. Database Copyright © 1998-2003 Graham Hart, Ben Laurie, Camilla von Massenbach and David Mayall.
“Edmund Hastings Neville" Find A Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi.
1891 Census Returns of England and Wales. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1891.
Australia, Births and Baptisms, 1792-1981. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013.
Australian Electoral Commission. [Electoral roll].
Inward passenger manifests for ships and aircraft arriving at Fremantle, Perth Airport and Western Australian outports, chronological series, Dec. 1897–Dec. 1978. Series K269. National Archives of Australia, Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes ACT 2600., Elizabeth Sophia Cotton, Rev. Hastings MacKelcan Neville, Mary Annette Hampton, Dorothy Ethel Hastings, Kathleen Annette
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Edward Everett
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Edward Everett (1794-1865)
Edward Hill Everett was born on 11 April 1794 in Dorchester, Massachusetts to Lucy Hill and Rev. Oliver Everett. He had eight siblings, of which we've only been able to identify one, Alexander Hill Everett. Edward's seven other siblings remain a mystery.
When Edward was eight years old, his father passed away and his mother moved the family to Boston, Massachusetts.
After a successful early education, Edward entered Harvard in 1807.
He graduated in 1811, as valedictorian of his class. After receiving his Bachelor of Arts, he stayed at Harvard to pursue a Master of Arts in Theology.
On 9 February 1814, Edward became an ordained pastor and preached at the Unitarian Brattle Street Church, in Boston, Massachusetts.
In 1815, Edward was offered a professorship at Harvard, teaching Greek language and literature. This opportunity allowed him to travel to Europe to study French, German, Greek Art, Roman law, and more. He would receive his PhD from Göttingen University, in 1817, and received the noted distinction of being the first American to receive a German PhD. By the time his studies were done he was proficient in German, ancient Greek, modern Greek, Hebrew, Latin, French and Italian.
Edward returned to Harvard, in 1819, and continued teaching.
In 1822, he left his position at Harvard and began a professorship at Cambridge. It was during this thime that Edward would marry Charlotte Gray.
Together, Edward and Charlotte would have approximately seven children: their first child died shortly after birth, Grace Webster (died at age 9), Anne Gorham (died in 1854), Dr. Edward Brooks (died in 1861), Charlotte Brooks, William, and Henry Sidney.
In 1824, Edward was elected to the United States Congress. He remained in the House of Representatives for over a decade.
Edward was elected Governor of Massachusetts, in 1835. During this time, he was responsible for bringing major changes to Massachusetts society. He introduced a state board of education, authorized an extension of the railroad system, and even settled border tensions between Maine and Canada. He would serve only one term as he lost his re-election in 1839, by one vote. After this loss, Edward was assigned the position of ambassador to Great Britain by the Secretary of State.
Edward returned to the United States in 1845 and was made the President of Harvard. Edward remained President of Harvard for three years, despite hesitations about the position. His low expectations were well met, he once stated “When I was asked to come to this university, I supposed I was to be at the head of the largest and most famous institution of learning in America...I have been disappointed. I find myself the sub-master of an ill-disciplined school.” (Harvard.edu) Needless to say, Edward regretted accepting the position of President although he did bring a major research component to the University: Lawrence Scientific School.
In 1849, Edward was appointed the Secretary of State after the death of Daniel Webster. His return to politics was requested by the, then President, Millard Fillmore. Fillmore was the last president to serve as neither a Republican, nor a Democrat.
In the 1850 United States Census Edward is living with his wife Charlotte, three of their children, Charlotte, Edward and Henry, and four other adults, presumably servants. (The census does not indicate their occupation or familial connection). The youngest of these adults are Bridget (24) and Catharine (19) O'Neil. Both of these young women were born in Prince Edward Island. To date this the only connection we have found between Edward and the Island, and it may explain how one of his books, published in 1849, came into our possession.
Edward retired completely from politics in 1854 and began writing a weekly column for the New York Ledger, where he tried to raise awareness amongst the public on various political issues.
Edward's wife, Charlotte, died in 1859, and in the 1860 Census he is living with his daughter Charlotte, her three children, and four domestic servants. The O'Neil women from PEI were no longer working for Edward Everett.
In 1863, Edward delivered a two-hour-long speech at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. His speech came before Abraham Lincoln’s two-minute Gettysburg Address.
Edward became ill after a speech in Boston, and this lead to his ultimately death on 15 January 1865. He was cremated at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge.
In the UPEI Provenance collection, there is one of Edward’s books, The Works of the Right Reverend Father in God by Joseph Butler. This book was published in 1849 and inside the cover has Edward’s bookplate which reads, “Patria Veritas Fides, Edward Everett.” This Latin phrase translates to “Country, truth, faith.”
Sources:
1850 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Cambridge, Middlesex, Massachusetts; Roll: M432_325; Page: 60B; Image: 126
1860 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Boston Ward 7, Suffolk, Massachusetts; Roll: M653_522; Page: 49; Family History Library Film: 803522
Bugbee, James McKellar. A Memorial of Edward Everett: from the City of Boston. Boston: Printed by Order of the City Council, 1865.
“Edward Everett," The Famous People website, accessed Oct 12, 2016.
“Edward Everett,” Harvard University website, accessed Oct 12, 2016.
Reid, Ronald F. Edward Everett: Unionist Orator Great American Orators, Book 7. Greenwood, 1990. Book available online through Google Books
Photo:
Collections Online Edward Everett, Massachusetts Historical Society., 1794, Dorchester, Massachusetts, 15 January 1865, Lucy Hill, Rev. Oliver Everett, Alexander Hill Everett, Charlotte Gray, Grace Webster (died at age 9), Anne Gorham (died in 1854), Dr. Edward Brooks (died in 1861), Charlotte Brooks, William, and Henry Sidney
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Edward Henry Bickersteth
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Edward Henry Bickersteth (1825-1906)
Edward Henry Bickersteth was born in Islington, Greater London, on 25 January 1825. He was the son of Edward Bickersteth and Sarah Bignold.
Edward studied Classics at Trinity College in Cambridge and took Holy Orders in 1848. In a sermon he preached at Exeter Cathedral, during Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, Edward recalled Victoria's royal visit to Trinity College:
It was my privilege, he said, as an under graduate of Trinity, Cambridge, to be one of those who laid down our gowns for her to tread on, as she walked with graceful mirth and words of thanks on her lips, the Prince Consort following her steps from the Master's Lodge to inspect our College Chapel in the autumn gloom. She was pleased to say she had never received a heartier welcome, and oh, how proud we all were to have her under what we called our roof for two nights.
On 6 February 1848, Edward was ordained deacon by Bishop Stanley of Norwich. He preached his first sermon on 1 Corinthians, chapter 1, verse 30: It is because of him that you are in Christ Jesus, who has become for us wisdom from God—that is, our righteousness, holiness and redemption.
He married Rosa Bignold the same year, 1848, and together they had at least fifteen children: Emily Rosa, Edward, Elizabeth S., Alice Frances, Amy, Samuel, Mary Jane, Hugh, Henry Venn, Eva Mabel (died as an infant), Robert, Ashley, Effie Maude, Edith, and Irene.
Edward's wife, Rosa, died in 1873, when little Irene was only two years old. Edward married again in February 1876, to his cousin Ellen Susanna Bickersteth. They did not have children together, but Ellen would have taken on motherhood duty, as seven of Edward's children would have been under the age of sixteen at the time of the marriage.
His eldest daughter, Emily, reflected the following about her father:
He could be stern upon occasion, but what struck us, even as children, was his saintliness, and his intensely bright and sunny nature. He often said that he had three distinct enjoyments of most pleasures ; anticipation, fruition, retrospect ; and he constantly quoted the sayings “Always sit on the sunny side of the hill, and Never cross a bridge till you come to it”.
In 1885, Edward became the Bishop of Exeter.
Mission work was his main objective and he supported the Church Mission Society and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. He traveled to India, Palestine, and Japan, where he became the first Bishop of South Tokyo. He and his family survived the powerful Mino-Owari earthquake at Osaka on October 28, 1891. Edward's daughter, Mary Jane Bickersteth, wrote of their experiences in Japan in the book Japan as We Saw It, published in 1893.
Edward was an accomplished poet, winning the Cambridge University's Chancellor's Gold Medal for poetry three times. He also wrote hymns and edited hymnals. He wrote the Hymnal's Companion to the Book of Common Prayer, as well as numerous other religious commentaries and books of poetry.
Edward died, in London, on 16 May 2006 and was buried at Watton-at-Stone, Hertfordshire, England.
In July 1902, Edward had signed the bookplate in two books, The Early Days of Christianity and The Life and Work of St. Paul (now in the UPEI's Provenance Collection) given to Ethel Hodgson as a reward for memorizing Scripture. In the first book, The Early Days of Christianity, a newspaper clipping was found inside with a picture of Dr. S. Bickersteth (Edward's son) and his wife Ella Chlora Monier-Williams. Under the picture reads:
Golden Wedding: Dr. S. Bickersteth, Chaplain to the King and a Canon of Canterbury, and Mrs. Bickersteth, who have just celebrated their golden wedding. The King and Queen sent their congratulations.
Sources:
Aglionby, Francis Keyes. The Live of Edward Henry Bickersteth, D.D.: bishop and poet, author of “Peace, perfect peace”, “Yesterday, today and forever”, Bishop of Exeter, 1885-1900. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1907.
Board of Guardian Records, 1834-1906 and Church of England Parish Registers, 1754-1906. London Metropolitan Archives, Islington St Mary, Register of Baptism, p83/mry1, Item 1173.
England, Marriages, 1538–1973. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. FHL Film Number: 1471611. Reference ID: Item 13, p 143.
Principal Probate Registry. Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London, England.
Venn, J. A., comp. Alumni Cantabrigienses. London, England: Cambridge University Press, 1922-1954.
Photo:
Francis Aglionby, The Life of Edward Henry Bickersteth: Bishop and Poet (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1907), iv, Edward Bickersteth, 1. Rosa Bignold, 2. Ellen Susanna Bickersteth, Sarah Bignold
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Edward Lyttelton
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Rev. Hon. Edward Lyttelton (1855-1942)
Edward Lyttelton was born on 23 July 1855, in Westminster, London, England, to George Lyttelton, 4th Baron Lyttelton (1817-1876), and Mary Glynne (1813-1857), daughter of Sir Stephen Glynne, 8th Baronet. Together, they had twelve children, eight sons and four daughters: Meriel Sarah (1840-1925), Lucy Caroline (1841-1925), Charles, 8th Viscount Cobham (1842-1922) who succeeded their father, Rev. Albert Victor (1844-1928), Neville Gerald (1845-1931), George William Spencer (1847-1913), Lavinia (1849-1939), May (1850-1875), Arthur Temple (1852-1903), Robert Henry (1854-1939), Edward, and Alfred (1857-1913). Edward was the seventh son and the second youngest child. His mother, Mary, would pass away after Edward’s youngest brother Alfred was born, in 1857. In 1869, George would marry Sybella Harriet Clive, daughter of George Clive, and have three daughters: Sarah Kathleen (1870-1942), Sybil (1873-1934), and Hester Margaret (1874-1958).
Edward attended Eton College and continued his education at Trinity College, Cambridge. There he played first class cricket, where he was one of five of the Lyttelton brothers to play; they included Charles, George, Arthur, Robert, and Alfred. In 1878, Edward was the captain of Cambridge’s cricket team and he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. During his cricket career, Edward earned a Blue, an award for university athletes, and played for Middlesex, the Gentlemen cricket team, I Zingari, the Marylebone Cricket Club, and the South of England cricket team.
From 1880-1882, Edward became the assistant master at Wellington College and would graduate with a Master of Arts, in 1881. He left Wellington College in 1882 and became the assistant master at his alma mater, Eton College. Edward became an ordained deacon in 1884 from Oxford and then an ordained priest in 1886 from Cuddesdon College. On 21 December 1888, he married Caroline Amy West (1873-1919), and they had two daughters together Nora Joan (1890-1965) and Delia (1892-1964).
In 1890, Edward left Eton College and became the Headmaster at Haileybury College. He was also the chaplain of the Bishop of St. Albans, from 1892-1903, and during this time, from 1895-1905, he had the title of canon for the St. Albans Cathedral. In 1894, Edward’s passion for education had him becoming the Chairman for the Council of the Teacher’s Guild and a member of the Royal Commission on Secondary Education. He would also become a member of the Consultative Committee of the Board of Education in 1900.
In 1905, Edward left Haileybury College and returned to Eton College as the Headmaster. While at Eton College, Edward obtained a Bachelor of Divinity in 1907 and a Doctor of Divinity, in 1912. He was also an advocate for co-education and changing the prerequisites for students to enter the college. He was also responsible for students being able to specialize in history, mathematics, modern languages, and science during his time at Eton.
In March 1915, Edward gave a controversial sermon at St. Margaret’s, in Westminster. His sermon was during World War I and he preached not all Germans should be to blame and forgiveness should be given. There was much public protest and eventually in 1916, he resigned from his post as Headmaster at Eton College.
After resigning, he became the parish priest at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, and from 1918-1920, he was the rector of a small village parish Sidestrand, in Norfolk. Edward would go back to teaching in 1920, where he became the Dean of Whitelands College, Chelsea, a women’s college for teacher training. He also acted as Chaplain and lecturer of the Bible for the college.
Edward retired from teaching in 1929 and moved to Norwich. Unfortunately, in 1930, Edward was hit by a car in London after delivering a sermon at Sion College. He sustained injuries to his head, hand, leg, and he was also unconscious for two hours but was able to return home the next day.
For ten years, 1931-1941, Edward would be granted the title of honorary canon of Norwich.
On 23 January 1942, Edward Lyttelton passed away at The Old Palace, in Lincoln; he was aged 86 years.
In UPEI’s Provenance Collection the book, Ethics of the dust: ten lectures to little housewives on the elements of crystallization by John Ruskin has a bookplate to student “Geraldo W. Deighton” from “E. Lyttelton” dated 1908.
Sources:
Census Returns of England and Wales, 1861. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1861. Data imaged from The National Archives, London, England. The National Archives gives no warranty as to the accuracy, completeness or fitness for the purpose of the information provided. Images may be used only for purposes of research, private study or education. Applications for any other use should be made to The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU.
Census Returns of England and Wales, 1871. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1871. Data imaged from the National Archives, London, England. The National Archives gives no warranty as to the accuracy, completeness or fitness for the purpose of the information provided. Images may be used only for purposes of research, private study or education. Applications for any other use should be made to the National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU.
“Ireland, Civil Registration Indexes 1845–1958,” Index. FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah. General Register Office, Republic of Ireland. "Quarterly Returns of Marriages in Ireland with Index to Marriages.".
Principal Probate Registry. Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London, England © Crown copyright.
Venn, J. A., comp.. Alumni Cantabrigienses. London, England: Cambridge University Press, 1922-1954.
Autograph Letter Signed from a Reverend teaching at Eton College during World War I. by Edward Lyttelton on Between the Covers. Retrieved from
https://www.betweenthecovers.com/pages/books/414542/edward-lyttelton/autograph-letter-signed-from-a-reverend-teaching-at-eton-college-during-world-war-i
Goodwin, Chris & Isherwood, Glen. (1999-2018). “Edward Lyttelton”. England Football Online. Retrieved from http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersL/BioLyttletonE.html
“Lyttelton, the Hon. Edward (LTLN874E)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
Geneanet. Family tree of Mary Glynne. Retrieved from https://gw.geneanet.org/orions8?lang=en&p=mary&n=glynne
Geneanet. Family tree of Caroline Amy West. Retrieved from https://gw.geneanet.org/orions8?lang=en&p=caroline amy&n=west
Photo:
Description: Edward Lyttelton
Source: Andrew Wallis (Great great nephew of Edward Lyttelton), Mary Glynne, George Lyttelton, 4th Baron Lyttelton, Caroline Amy West, Nora, Joan and Delia
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Eleanor Blair
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Eleanor Blair (1894-1992)
Eleanor was born in Montour Falls, New York, on 8 August 1894, to David Coyle Blair, a coal dealer, and Annie Whitmore.
Along with her parents, Eleanor also grew up with her aunt Almira Whitmore, who lived in the house with them until Eleanor was at least 15. A younger brother, Albert, joined the family when Eleanor was eight years old.
Eleanor attended Wellesley College. In her first year (1914) the College Hall burned to the ground. During her time as Alumni President for the Class of 1917, Eleanor found the beautiful, original, College Hall columns piled up in the Grounds Department service yard, and she fought to have them reinstated as a memorial to the loss attributed by the fire. In 1972, the fragments were reassembled and placed close to their original location. Thanks to Eleanor these columns still stand today.
Eleanor wrote and compiled the book, Wellesley College and Community, in 1974, using her own photographs of her alma mater school.
Eleanor continued her education at Columbia University, earning a Master's degree.
During World War II, Eleanor was employed by the National Defense Research Committee, working on publications at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology radiation laboratory.
After the war Eleanor went into teaching. She taught at Salem College in North Carolina, Ferry Hall in Illinois, Masters School in Dobbs Ferry New York, the Bancroft School in Worcester Massachusetts, and Dana Hall in Wellesley Massachusetts. At Dana Hall Eleanor was the head of the English Department, until 1943.
Eleanor was a very close friend of poet-novelist, and lesbian icon, May Sarton. According to Sarton's biography, by Margot Peters, Eleanor assisted May as her “editor, proofreader, and typist, as well as house sitter and confidante. Eleanor also took good photographs of Nelson [May's home], the cats, and May at work, contributing tangibly to the myth May's life would become. She [Eleanor] was a cheerful, gregarious person...". (Peters 256).
Eleanor also illustrated some of May's books with her photographs, including the book of poems, As Does New Hampshire.
Cecile de Banke, a professor of speech at Wellesley College was Eleanor's long-time companion. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, they lived together in Eleanor's home at 25 Cottage Street. Cecile did not particularly like May Sarton which put a wedge between Eleanor and May. Upon Cecile's death, the friendship was revitalized, but early tensions were hashed out in a letter written by May, addressed to Eleanor:
I think... I hope... that we have been useful to each other, for after Cecile died, you needed a creative person in your life...I provided a central person when you needed that most. But I believe you knew from the start, after C's death, that you could never be that for me. And almost at once there were angry times when I felt caught in a relationship in which I could not function as my total self, a relationship which gave me so much that I was always in the position of being ingrate...
Where we stand now is truly united toward the work of a writer in whom you have faith... There is no one to take your place there... slowly and by sheer understanding, by thinking and feeling so deeply with the poet, you have come to stand inside the work itself, the heart of the work, as no one else ever has or ever will. How to measure what this means?... I have many friends. I have had many lovers. I have never had anyone who does what you do for me in my work. There, it seems to me, we each serve something greater than either of us... I love you more than ever now this is said. (Peters, 275-276).
According to the letter, it appears that Eleanor had a significant influence on the writings of May Sarton.
In her advanced age, Eleanor went blind. In May Sarton's memoir After the Stroke. A Journal, May spoke of her visit to Eleanor's home on 21 December 1986:
It was walking right into life to walk into Eleanor Blair's little house in Wellesley and to be warmly welcomed- and there was such a Christmasy feeling everywhere I looked: a tiny tree in the front parlour, already decorated with presents around it. Eleanor's eyes were shining and we had a good talk over our sherry, but Mitzi, her cat, was no where to be seen and did not come up from the cellar while I was there. Eleanor still manages alone but what she needs is someone who will read aloud to her. For instance, mail piles up and sometimes it is days before anyone turns up. A regular visitor to do a few odd jobs would do the trick.
Many of the photographs that Eleanor took of May Sarton and her home, “Nelson", are housed in the Wellesley College archives.
Eleanor died on 7 May 1992 in Wellesley, MA. She is buried in the Montour Cemetery, Montour Falls, New York, the place of her birth.
Eleanor's personalized bookplate, alongside her hand-written signature and date of October 1925, can be found in UPEI's Provenance Collection book, English Literature from the Beginning to the Norman Conquest, by Stopford A. Brooke, published in 1921 by MacMillan and Co., Ltd.
Sources:
“55 Years After Their Graduation, the Class of 1917 Saved a Piece of Wellesley History" Retrieved 20 April 2016
1910 United States Census. Census Place: Montour, Schuyler, New York; Roll: T624_1061; Page: 4B; Enumeration District: 0062; FHL microfilm: 1375074
1925 New York State Census. New York State Archives; Albany, New York; State Population Census Schedules, 1925; Election District: 02; Assembly District: 01; City: Montour Falls; County: Schuyler; Page: 14.
1940 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Wellesley, Norfolk, Massachusetts; Roll: T627_1633; Page: 6A; Enumeration District: 11-283
Eleanor Blair, Find a Grave site. Accessed 28 February 2017.
“Eleanor Blair, 97, was teacher, writer". The Boston Globe, 10 May 1992.
Peters, Margot. May Sarton. A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1997.
Sarton, May. After the Stroke: A Journal New York: Norton, 1988.
Social Security Death Index, Master File. Number: 015-16-6612; Issue State: Massachusetts; Issue Date: Before 1951.
Photograph:
Photograph of Eleanor Blair by May Sarton. It also appears in Margot Peter's book, May Sarton. A biography., p.256., David Coyle Blair, Annie Whitmore, Albert W. Blair
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Elizabeth Ewing Bryan
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Elizabeth Ewing Bryan was born on 21 February 1887, in Washington D.C.
Her father, Wilhelmus (Bill) Bogart Bryan, was a newspaper journalist, writing for the Washington Post and the Washington Star. Her mother, Emily Black Pentland, was a writer.
Elizabeth had two younger brothers, Brantz Mayer Bryan, born 29 June 1891, and Wilhelmus Bogart Bryan Jr., born 9 October 1898.
In 1900 Elizabeth, her parents and two younger brothers, lived with Elizabeth’s mother’s parents, Andrew and Elizabeth E. Pentland. It appears that Elizabeth was named after her maternal grandmother.
Elizabeth attended Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. In the 1909 Smith College Yearbook Elizabeth was listed as a student, with a home address of 1330 Eighteenth Street, Washington D.C.
Elizabeth travelled to far distant lands. In June 1916 she travelled to Peru aboard the ship “Canamares”. Her passport for this trip describes her as 5 foot 5, with brown hair, green eyes, with a straight nose and light complexion.
On 18 October 1919 Elizabeth boarded the ship Venezuela in San Francisco. Her passport application listed that she planned to visit Japan, Korea, China, Hong Kong, and the Philippines. She left Shanghai, China, and returned to Victoria B.C. in January 1920, aboard the Empress of Russia.
Her signature in both passport documents confirm that we have the right Elizabeth, who signed her copy of Leo Tolstoy’s “Hadji Murad”.
By 1920 Elizabeth was working as a teacher and by 1930 she was a public school Principal in Washington D.C.
At the end of June, 1929, Elizabeth travelled to Honolulu, Hawaii and remained there for the summer months. She returned to San Francisco on 3 September, 1929.
In 1930 Elizabeth was living with her parents. Her father was 75 and her mother was 68. Living with the three of them was Jane Newman, who had been hired by the family to be a personal nurse.
Elizabeth married William Deluce Barnes, a widow, on Saturday January 1st, 1938, at the age of 50. They were married in Elizabeth’s home, at noon, on Eighteenth Street in Washington D.C.
Their wedding was announced in the Hartford Courant on 31 December 1937. The article tells us that Elizabeth’s brother (W.B.) officiated the wedding; he was, at the time, a student pastor at Princeton University.
Elizabeth and William lived in Hartford CT where William worked as the executive secretary for the Connecticut Prison Association (CPA). He had worked, earlier, as a Congregational Minister and a Professor of Social Ethics at Hartford Seminary. As executive secretary of the CPA, he oversaw all State probation officers, looked after all fund-raising efforts for the Connecticut Prison system, and constantly worked on improving prison living conditions.
Elizabeth was step-mother to Norman Scudder Barnes and Ruth Barnes. Ruth also attended Smith College, class of 1936.
The website Ancient Faces indicates that Elizabeth died on 15 August 1867, in Washington D.C., but offers no reference to the date is given. If it is the case (which needs verification), Elizabeth lived to be 80 years old.
Reference:
1900 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Washington, Washington, District of Columbia; Page: 12; Enumeration District: 0043; FHL microfilm: 1240160
1910 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Mansfield, Bristol, Massachusetts; Roll: T624_574; Page: 24B; Enumeration District: 0180; FHL microfilm: 1374587
1910 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Washington, Washington, District of Columbia; Page: 12; Enumeration District: 0043; FHL microfilm: 1240160
1920 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Osceola, Lewis, New York; Roll: T625_1117; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 91
1920 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Glen Ridge, Essex, New Jersey; Roll: T625_1029; Page: 6B; Enumeration District: 54
1930 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut; Page: 21A; Enumeration District: 0078; FHL microfilm: 2340000
1930 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Washington, District of Columbia; Page: 15A; Enumeration District: 0081; FHL microfilm: 2340029
1940 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Bloomfield, Hartford, Connecticut; Roll: m-t0627-00501; Page: 13A; Enumeration District: 2-8
Canadian Passenger Lists. Library and Archives Canada; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Series: RG 76-C; Roll: T-14867
The Connecticut Prison Association and the Search for Reformatory Justice. Author: Gordon S. Bates.
District of Columbia, Births and Christenings, 1830-1955. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. FHL Film Number:2114534. Reference ID: cn 46008
“Elizabeth Barnes, 1887-1967." ancientfaces.com. Accessed 18 March 2020.
Fifty Years of Princeton, ‘77: A Fifty Four Year Record Of The Class Of 1877 Of Princeton College. Author: Henry Fairfield Osborn, 1927.
Hartford Courant. 31 December 1937, p.9.
Marriage Records, District of Columbia Marriages. Clerk of the Superior Court, Records Office, Washington D.C.
Obituary of Ruth Barnes Baldwin Bathrick. Published in The Hartford Courant on Oct. 31, 2010. https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/hartfordcourant/obituary.aspx?n=ruth-barnes-bathrick&pid=146356824 Viewed on 17 October 2019.
Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Honolulu, Hawaii, compiled 02/13/1900 - 12/30/1953; National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington, D.C.; National Archives Microfilm Publication: A4156; Roll: 173; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787 - 2004; Record Group Number: RG 85
Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at Seattle, Washington; National Archives and Records Administration; Washington, D.C.; NAI Number: 4449160; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787 - 2004; Record Group Number: 85; Series Number: M1383; Roll Number: 44
U.S. Passport Application, 1916. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington D.C.; Roll #: 308; Volume #: Roll 0308 - Certificates: 25101-25700, 31 May 1916-06 Jun 1916
U.S. Passport Application, 1919. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington D.C.; Roll #: 924; Volume #: Roll 0924 - Certificates: 119750-119999, 22 Sep 1919-23 Sep 1919
U.S., School Yearbooks, 1880-2012; School Name: Smith College; Year: 1909
Washington, District of Columbia, City Directory, 1932.
Photo:
Photo from the Smith College Yearbook, 1909, Northampton MA., Emily Black Pentland, Wilhelmus (Bill) Bogart Bryan, Reverend William Deluce Barnes
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Ephraim M. Epstein
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Ephraim M. Epstein (1829-1913)
Dr. Ephraim Epstein was born in Babruysk Russia in March 1829 to an affluent Jewish family. At the age of seventeen his family arranged his marriage to his cousin (name unknown). They married in 1846 and had a daughter, Sarah, not long afterwards.
In pursuit of an education Ephraim set off to America, promising his family that he would send for them when he found success in the United States. He arrived in New York on 11 March 1850. While in America, he wrestled with theology and ultimately converted from Judaism to Christianity. With this news his family cut him off and declared him dead.
In New York Ephraim began a 3 year medical degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and graduated in 1859. Ephraim also studied at Andover Theological Seminary in Massachusetts. In the 1856 Andover Theological Seminary Catalog it was noted that Ephraim was “preparing for a mission among the Jews of Palestine”. After this he traveled to Kingston, Ontario, Canada to further his medical studies (likely at Queens College Medical School), and to become an ordained Presbyterian minister. He planned to put medicine and his faith together and become a medical missionary. After the end of his training in Canada, Ephraim traveled to Turkey for Missionary work among Sephardic Jews.
Being in Europe allowed him to reconnect with his family. At his mother’s pleading, and after much personal conflict, Ephraim announced his re-conversion to Judaism. Ephraim was welcomed back into the family and after such a long absence he was able to reconnect with his daughter Sarah, who by this point was 14 years old.
His conversion back to Judaism proved insincere and he quietly held on to his overwhelming faith that Jesus was the Jewish Messiah. However, only after his mother’s death would Ephraim openly announce his true convictions.
Eventually Ephraim's first marriage fell apart and they divorced. Around this time Ephraim moved to Austria to work as a doctor in the Vienna General Hospital. In 1866 he joined the Austrian Imperial Navy and became a ships surgeon. He took part in the famous battle of Lissa, which was fought and won within 2 hours.
In 1867 Ephraim moved back to America and set up a practice in Leavenworth, Kansas.
At the age of 41, Ephraim fell in love and married German born music teacher, Helena Greyer, in April 1873. We have been able to identify eight of their children : William, Freeda, Julia, Zelda, Naomi, Leo G., George and Ruth.
Their first child, William, was born in 1874. Four years later little William came down with a fever and was inadvertently prescribed the wrong medicine. As a result, he died. Ephraim felt that he was to blame the for the death of his son. He was so crushed by the devastating mistake that he felt that he could no longer practice medicine and gave up his medical career.
In his time away from medicine, Ephraim pursued a few different careers. He briefly taught Hebrew and Biblical scripture at Heidelberg college. This only lasted for roughly a year before he moved on, possibly due to his outspoken controversial religious views. By being a Messianic Jew he wasn’t fully accepted by either Judaism or Christianity.
Ephraim worked as a Baptist preacher in Yankton South Dakota, at which time he became involved in opening a new university where he hoped people would be allowed to speak their minds. He became the founding president of this new school, Dakota University (now the University of South Dakota), which opened in 1882. His starting salary was $700 annually, and he presided as president, as well as professor, administrator, book seller and record-keeper. Unfortunately, the following year the Board of Regents campaigned for a different president and Ephraim lost his post.
In 1887, Ephraim finally reapplied for his medical licence in West Virginia and continued on this career path until he reached his 70’s. At this time, Ephraim was traveling to his patients with horse and cart, and it was beginning to take a physical toll on his body, leaving him exhausted after a days work. However, he still had to make a living. Although his 2 oldest children were in the workforce, he still had 4 children dependent on him.
In 1899 Ephraim received an opportunity to work in Chicago as an editor, and contributor, for the American Journal of Clinical Medicine. The family promptly moved to Ravenswood, Chicago, Illinois. He also wrote a book, The Construction of the Tabernacle, in 1911. Ephraim remained as editor of the American Journal of Clinical Medicine until he passed away on January 26, 1913.
The UPEI Provenance book, The Number Counted, includes a personal library bookplate: Dr. Eph. Epstein's Library. Current No.481. Topical No.42. The marginalia inside the book include both English and Hebrew text and is very likely Ephraim's own markings. The book also includes the signature of Eber C. Byam and a bookplate announcing that the item was bequeathed to St. Dunstan's College Library from Bishop Kelley.
Sources:
1880 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Tiffin, Seneca, Ohio; Roll: 1065; Page: 181B; Enumeration District: 201
1900 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Liberty, Ohio, West Virginia; Page: 3; Enumeration District: 0104; FHL microfilm: 1241768
1910 United States Federal Census. Census Place: Chicago Ward 26, Cook, Illinois; Roll: T624_271; Page: 12A; Enumeration District: 1120; FHL microfilm: 1374284
Birth and Death Records, 1916–present. Illinois Department of Public Health. Division of Vital Records, Springfield, Illinois. Cook County Illinois Death Index, 1878–1922. FamilySearch, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2010. FHL film # 1287695.
Copies of Petitions and Records of Naturalization in New England Courts, 1939 - ca. 1942. National Archives at Boston, Waltham, Massachusetts. NAI Number: 4752894. Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004. Record Group Number: RG 85.
Directory of Deceased American Physicians, 1804-1929..
“Ephraim M. Epstein". University of South Dakota. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://libguides.usd.edu/ephraim.
The Extraordinary Dr. Epstein. Published by the ChiswickCalendar. YouTube, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCdg1ZVPMUc
Jones, Charles O. Now That’s Funny: A Memoir on Passing Through. iUniverse, 2018.
Kerr, Susan Lee. The Extraordinary Dr. Epstein. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.
U.S. School Catalogs, 1765-1935. Massachusetts Theological Seminary. Educational Institutions. American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Photo:
From findagrave.com https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76053144/ephraim-mennahem-epstein
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Erastus Wiman
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Erastus Wiman (1834-1904)
Erastus Wiman was born in Churchville, Upper Canada (present day Ontario), on 21 April 1834. In his early years he started off as a reporter for the Globe and Mail, in Toronto and eventually moved up as a commercial editor for the paper. His interest in business allowed him to take a position at a local mercantile agency, R.G. Dun & Co., where he became the head of the Ontario branch. He was then promoted to head of the Montreal branch and then promoted again, in 1867, to a partnership in the New York branch, where he managed business within the city.
Always looking for ways to improve his status, he was interested in consolidating local telegraph lines. The Great Northern Western Telegraph Company was the result of his hard work and he became its President. He was also a director of the Western Union Telegraph Company.
Erastus took control of the Staten Island Railway Company and came up with detailed plans for a top of the line transportation system for Staten Island, believing that a combined ferry terminal and rail depot was the best bet to make Staten Island a transportation mecca. The “Staten Island Railway” and the “Rapid Transit Company” amalgamated on 27 June 1883 forming the “Staten Island Rapid Transit Company”. Erastus Wiman was named its President. Three years later Wiman’s vision became a reality. A joint ferry and rail service from the central point of St. George, Staten Island, began.
Erastus Wiman also established a Canadian Club in New York City, at 3 Washington Square, in 1885 and put great emphasis on himself as local entertainer for visitors from Canada. It was a great wish of Wiman’s to open up free trade between Canada and the US. He was a great supporter of Continentalism and was a prolific speaker on the subject. No doubt the topic was widely debated at the Canadian Club.
The year after he formed the Canadian Club, Erastus gave UPEI's Provenance copy of Domesticus. A Tale of the Imperial City by William Allen Butler, to Mary Jane Robinson, the wife of Toronto's former mayor and the fifth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario between the years 1880–1887. The book was published in 1886. The inscription inside reads:
Mrs. John Beverley Robinson with the respected regards of Erastus Wiman., N.Y., April 1886
Wiman promoted lacrosse in New York, as well as cricket, and baseball. He created the Staten Island Amusement Company, a three story, 5000 people, arena, which he opened on property to the east of the new ferry terminal. He developed a marina Park along the harbour which he named Erastina. Buffalo Bill and Annie Oakley performed at Erastina.
He was the king of money-making ideas but a run in with the law was to change his fortunes. Erastus Wiman was arrested for forgery in 1894. He was found guilty, but the sentence was later overturned on appeal. However, many of his creditors sued him and he lost his fortune and most of his property and personal belongings.
Erastus Wiman’s family, which included his wife Eleanor (maiden name Brown), and seven children (William, Minnie, Martha, Henry, Frank, Louis and his adopted daughter Ada G. Wonham) supported him and claimed his innocence. Three years after the forgery trial, Erastus became a citizen of the United States, in 1897. He suffered a stroke in 1901 and never recovered to full health. As a result he died poor, and in relative obscurity, on 9 February 1904.
Bibliography
“Erastus Wiman", The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 10 February 1904, p.4.
“Erastus Wiman, Citizen: He Completes His Naturalization After Waiting for Twenty Years". The New York Times. 1 August 1897., 23 April 1834, Churchville, Upper Canada, 9 February 1904, St. George, Staten Island, New York, Eleanor Brown, William, Minnie, Martha, Henry, Frank, Louis and adopted daughter Ada G. Wonham
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